  {"id":3290,"date":"2012-01-16T06:00:05","date_gmt":"2012-01-16T16:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/?p=3290"},"modified":"2021-05-20T14:06:57","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T00:06:57","slug":"coral-growth-anomalies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2012\/01\/16\/coral-growth-anomalies\/","title":{"rendered":"Coral growth anomalies affect biological function"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><figure id=\"attachment_3425\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3425\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-growths.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"coral-growths\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-growths.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-growths-260x122.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3425\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Type A, left, and Type B growth anomalies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3681\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3681\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-team4.jpg\" alt=\"Three people in dive gear in water\" width=\"300\" height=\"143\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-team4.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-team4-260x123.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3681\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Student Makani Gregg with Misaki Takabayashi, center, and John Burns at <span aria-label=Waiopae\">Wai&#699;&#333;pae<\/span> tide pools<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"clear-photo\">Two easily discernible types of growth anomalies have been observed on rice coral in <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Hawai&#699;i<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In both types, lesions develop into pale protuberant masses, but Type A looks something like a scoop of cottage cheese while Type B appears more like a ball of mozzarella.<\/p>\n<p>Marine scientists at the <a href=\"http:\/\/hilo.hawaii.edu\">University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Hawai&#699;i<\/span> at Hilo<\/a> wanted to know if the differing morphology indicates underlying differences in the affected tissues and whether they affect the corals&#8217; biological functions.<\/p>\n<p>Associate Professor <strong>Misaki Takabayashi<\/strong> and <strong>John H. R. Burns<\/strong>, a <a href=\"http:\/\/tcbes.uhh.hawaii.edu\/\">Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science<\/a> Program master&#8217;s candidate sampled rice corals, or <em>Montipora capitata<\/em>, from <span aria-label=Waiopae\">Wai&#699;&#333;pae<\/span> tide pools in southeast <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Hawai&#699;i<\/span> Island, where there is an unusually high prevalence of growth anomalies. <\/p>\n<p>They found that the tissues of growth anomalies had<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fewer nematocytes (cells that deliver toxins to entangle prey or repel attackers) and mesenterial filaments (cells involved in digestion and protection)<\/li>\n<li>Lower density of symbiotic dinoflagellate algae, particularly in Type B, which impairs corals&#8217; ability to grow<\/li>\n<li>Reduced ovum development, particularly Type B, which limits reproductive potential and has genetic implications for coral population and evolution<\/li>\n<li>Reduced skeletal density, which likely increases susceptibility of affected colonies to erosion and predation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3434\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3434\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-tissue.jpg\" alt=\"microscopic samples of healthy and diseased coral tissue with structures stained purple\" title=\"coral-tissue\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-tissue.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-tissue-260x122.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3434\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under the microscope, developing ova (O), mesenterial filaments (MF) and nematocytes (N) are more evident in healthy coral tissue, left, than in the Type A growth anomaly<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&ldquo;All findings from this investigation support the growing evidence that growth anomalies significantly affects coral&#8217;s biological function and is, by definition, a disease,&rdquo; the authors write in the December 19, 2011 online edition of <em>PLoS One Biology<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>While the Type B growth anomaly is less prevalent, the tissue showed the most prominent disease signs, suggesting that it is the more severe and advanced stage of what maybe a progressive disease, they observed. <\/p>\n<p>There was no recovery and only limited tissue regeneration evident in the photo monitoring of affected populations conducted by the researchers over three years at the tide pools. <\/p>\n<p>While growth anomalies represent a threat to coral health and warrant more research to identify causal factors and possible role of environmental stressors, scientists haven&#8217;t observed rapid or extensive outbreaks such as that seen recently in <span aria-label=\"Kaneohe\">K\u0101ne&#699;ohe<\/span> Bay, where rice coral have been affected by a different disease called Montipora White Syndrome.<\/p>\n<p>The Hilo research was supported by the University of <span aria-label=\"Hawaii\">Hawai&#699;i<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu\/\">Sea Grant<\/a> program.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0028854\">Read the article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tissue examination of Big Island rice coral documents impaired defenses and reproduction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":3421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[232,14,438],"class_list":["post-3290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-tropical-conservation-biology-and-environmental-science","tag-uh-hilo","tag-uh-sea-grant","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/coral-team3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3290"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142031,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3290\/revisions\/142031"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}